| Gymnosperms | Angiosperms |
| $(1)$ Seeds are naked and not enclosed by an ovary wall. | $(1)$ Seeds are enclosed within fruits (ovary wall). |
| $(2)$ They exhibit single fertilization. | $(2)$ They exhibit double fertilization. |
| $(3)$ They lack true flowers; reproductive structures are cones or strobili. | $(3)$ They possess true flowers with petals and sepals. |
| $(4)$ Endosperm is haploid $(n)$ and formed before fertilization. | $(4)$ Endosperm is triploid $(3n)$ and formed after fertilization. |
| $(5)$ Xylem lacks vessels (except Gnetales) and phloem lacks companion cells. | $(5)$ Xylem contains vessels and phloem contains companion cells. |
| $(6)$ Pollination is primarily anemophilous (wind). | $(6)$ Pollination occurs via various agents like wind,water,insects,and animals. |
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