The function of companion cells is:

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(D) Companion cells are specialized parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube elements in the phloem. They maintain a pressure gradient in the sieve

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Loading of sucrose into sieve elements.

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(D) Companion cells are specialized parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube elements in the phloem. They maintain a pressure gradient in the sieve tubes by actively loading sucrose into them. This process is known as phloem loading,which requires energy in the form of $ATP$ because it occurs against the concentration gradient (active transport). Therefore,the primary function is the active loading of sucrose into sieve elements.

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