What are the full forms of $ELISA$ and $PCR$?

The entry of $t-DNA$ into plants is associated with which of the following?

The method in which recombinant $DNA$ is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell by using microneedles is called:

Which of the following is $NOT$ included in the downstream processing of recombinant $DNA$ technology?

Which statements are correct for gel electrophoresis to separate $\text{DNA}$ fragments?
$(a)$ $\text{DNA}$ is a negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on the gel towards the anode terminal.
$(b)$ $\text{DNA}$ fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect the movement of $\text{DNA}$.
$(c)$ Smaller the size of $\text{DNA}$ fragments,larger is the distance it travels through it.
$(d)$ Pure $\text{DNA}$ can be visualized directly by exposing it to $\text{UV}$ radiation.

Biolistics (gene gun) is suitable for: