Four identical cells of $EMF$ $E$ and internal resistance $r$ are connected as shown in the figure. Find the terminal voltage across any one cell.

$A$ battery of $24$ cells,each of emf $1.5\,V$ and internal resistance $2\,\Omega$,is to be connected in order to send the maximum current through a $12\,\Omega$ resistor. The correct arrangement of cells will be:

Explain cell,emf,and internal resistance. Derive the relation between potential difference,emf,and internal resistance.

Two cells of emfs $1$ $V$ and $2$ $V$ and internal resistances $2 \Omega$ and $1 \Omega$ respectively are connected in parallel and provide a current of $1$ $A$ through an external resistance. If the polarity of one cell is reversed,the current through the external resistance becomes $\frac{\alpha}{5}$ $A$. The value of $\alpha$ is . . . . . . .

Two cells with the same e.m.f. $E$ and different internal resistances $r_1$ and $r_2$ are connected in series to an external resistance $R$. The value of $R$ so that the potential difference across the first cell is zero is

For a cell,the terminal potential difference $(P.D.)$ is $2.2\;V$ when the circuit is open and reduces to $1.8\;V$ when the cell is connected to an external resistance of $R = 5\;\Omega$. Determine the internal resistance $(r)$ of the cell.