For the radioactive nuclei that undergo either $\alpha$ or $\beta$ decay,which one of the following cannot occur?

  • A
    Isobar of original nucleus is produced
  • B
    Isotope of the original nucleus is produced
  • C
    Nuclei with higher atomic number than that of the original nucleus is produced
  • D
    Nuclei with lower atomic number than that of the original nucleus is produced

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The radionuclide $^{11} C$ decays according to
$_{6}^{11} C \rightarrow_{5}^{11} B + e^{+} + \nu: \quad T_{1/2} = 20.3 \; min$
The maximum energy of the emitted positron is $0.960 \; MeV$. Given the mass values:
$m(_{6}^{11} C) = 11.011434 \; u$ and $m(_{5}^{11} B) = 11.009305 \; u$
Calculate $Q$ and compare it with the maximum energy of the positron emitted.

Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

The intensity of gamma radiation emitted from a source is $I_0$. After passing through a lead sheet of thickness $36 \, mm$,its intensity becomes $I_0/8$. Find the thickness of the lead sheet in $mm$ when the intensity becomes $I_0/2$.

The intensity of gamma radiation becomes $1/8$th of its initial value after traveling a distance of $36 \, mm$. After traveling what distance (in $mm$) will the intensity become half?

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The ${ }_{92}^{238} U$ atom disintegrates to ${ }_{84}^{214} Po$ with a half-life of $4.5 \times 10^9$ years by emitting $6$ $\alpha$-particles and $n$ electrons. Here,$n$ is:

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