For skywave propagation of a 10, MHz signal,w | vedclass

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Question

(A) The critical frequency $f_c$ for skywave propagation is related to the maximum electron density $N_{max}$ in the ionosphere by the formula: $f_c =

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$\sim 1.2 	imes 10^{12}\, m^{-3}$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The critical frequency $f_c$ for skywave propagation is related to the maximum electron density $N_{max}$ in the ionosphere by the formula: $f_c = 9(N_{max})^{1/2}$,where $f_c$ is in $Hz$ and $N_{max}$ is in $m^{-3}$.Given $f_c = 10\, MHz = 10^7\, Hz$.Substituting the values: $10^7 = 9 	imes (N_{max})^{1/2}$.$(N_{max})^{1/2} = \frac{10^7}{9} \approx 1.11 	imes 10^6$.Squaring both sides: $N_{max} = (1.11 	imes 10^6)^2 \approx 1.23 	imes 10^{12}\, m^{-3}$.Thus,the minimum electron density required is approximately $1.2 	imes 10^{12}\, m^{-3}$.

For skywave propagation of a $10\, MHz$ signal,what should be the minimum electron density in the ionosphere?

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