For a circle of diameter $R$,touching the circle $x^2 + y^2 - 4y = 0$ and passing through the point $(4, 5)$,which of the following is correct?

  • A
    $3 \leq R \leq 7$
  • B
    $0 < R < 3$
  • C
    $R > 7$
  • D
    $\frac{3}{2} \leq R \leq \frac{7}{2}$

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Let $M = \{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} : x^2 + y^2 \leq r^2\}$,where $r > 0$. Consider the geometric progression $a_n = \frac{1}{2^{n-1}}$,$n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots$. Let $S_0 = 0$ and,for $n \geq 1$,let $S_n$ denote the sum of the first $n$ terms of this progression. For $n \geq 1$,let $C_n$ denote the circle with center $(S_{n-1}, 0)$ and radius $a_n$,and $D_n$ denote the circle with center $(S_{n-1}, S_{n-1})$ and radius $a_n$.
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