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(B) The correct answer is $B$. According to the second law of thermodynamics,energy transformation is never $100\%$ efficient. During the transfer of

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Second law of thermodynamics

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(B) The correct answer is $B$. According to the second law of thermodynamics,energy transformation is never $100\%$ efficient. During the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next,a significant portion of energy is lost as heat to the environment. This law states that processes involving energy transformation will not occur spontaneously unless there is a degradation of energy from a concentrated (non-random) form to a dispersed (random) form,such as heat.

The flow of energy declines from lower to higher trophic levels in an ecosystem,which is mainly explained by:

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Assertion $A$: The amount of free energy in a system gradually decreases.
Reason $R$: During any transformation of energy,some amount of energy is lost in the form of heat.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

The amount of stored energy is highest in .........

The $10\%$ law of flow of energy in an ecosystem was proposed by

Suppose $2000 \; J$ of solar energy is incident on green vegetation. On the basis of the $10 \; \%$ law of Lindeman,identify $A, B$ and $C$ as shown in the figure.

In an ecosystem, energy flows in:

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