Find the velocity of the image of the given object in $cm/sec$.

$A$ convex lens is made of three different materials as shown in the figure. How many images will be formed for a point object placed on its principal axis?

In the displacement method,there are two positions of a lens for which we get a clear image on a screen. If the first position of the lens is at $40 \, cm$ from the object and the second position is at $80 \, cm$ from the object,the focal length of the lens is ......... $cm$.

The focal length of a convex lens depends upon

Focal length of a convex lens is $20 \ cm$ and its refractive index is $1.5$. It produces an erect,enlarged image if the distance of the object from the lens is: (in $cm$)

Consider a thin lens placed between a source $(S)$ and an observer $(O)$ (See figure). Let the thickness of the lens vary as $w(b) = w_0 - \alpha b^2$, where $b$ is the vertical distance from the pole. $w_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Using Fermat's principle, i.e., the time of transit for a ray between the source and observer is an extremum, find the condition that all paraxial rays starting from the source will converge at a point $O$ on the axis. Find the focal length.
$(ii)$ $A$ gravitational lens may be assumed to have a varying width of the form $W = K_1 \log \left( \frac{K_2}{b} \right)$ (where $b_{\min} < b < b_{\max}$). Show that an observer will see an image of a point object as a ring about the center of the lens with an angular radius $\beta = \sqrt{\frac{(n - 1)K_1 u}{v(u + v)}}$.