The figure shows a simple potentiometer circuit for measuring a small $e.m.f.$ produced by a thermocouple. The potentiometer wire $PQ$ has a resistance of $5 \,\Omega$ and the driver cell has an $e.m.f.$ of $2 \, V$. If a balance point is obtained at $0.600 \, m$ along $PQ$ when measuring an $e.m.f.$ of $6.00 \, mV$,what is the value of resistance $R$ in $\Omega$?

For the arrangement of the potentiometer shown in the figure,the balance point is obtained at a distance $75\,cm$ from $A$ when the key $k$ is open. The second balance point is obtained at $60\,cm$ from $A$ when the key $k$ is closed. Find the internal resistance (in $\Omega$) of the battery $E_1$.

In the given figure,there is a circuit of a potentiometer of length $AB = 10 \, m$. The resistance per unit length is $0.1 \, \Omega/cm$. $A$ battery of $6 \, V$ and an internal resistance of $20 \, \Omega$ is connected across $AB$. The maximum value of emf that can be measured by this potentiometer is (in $V$):

To measure the internal resistance of a battery,a potentiometer is used. For $R = 10 \ \Omega$,the balance point is observed at $\ell = 500 \ cm$ and for $R = 1 \ \Omega$,the balance point is observed at $\ell = 400 \ cm$. The internal resistance of the battery is approximately: (in $Omega$)

The figure shows a potentiometer with a cell of $2.0 \; V$ and internal resistance $0.40 \; \Omega$ maintaining a potential drop across the resistor wire $AB$. $A$ standard cell which maintains a constant $emf$ of $1.02 \; V$ (for very moderate currents up to a few $mA$) gives a balance point at $67.3 \; cm$ length of the wire. To ensure very low currents are drawn from the standard cell,a very high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ is put in series with it,which is shorted close to the balance point. The standard cell is then replaced by a cell of unknown $emf$ $\varepsilon$ and the balance point found similarly,turns out to be at $82.3 \; cm$ length of the wire.
$(a)$ What is the value of $\varepsilon ?$
$(b)$ What purpose does the high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ have?
$(c)$ Is the balance point affected by this high resistance?
$(d)$ Would the method work in the above situation if the driver cell of the potentiometer had an $emf$ of $1.0 \; V$ instead of $2.0 \; V ?$
$(e)$ Would the circuit work well for determining an extremely small $emf$,say of the order of a few $mV$ (such as the typical $emf$ of a thermocouple)? If not,how will you modify the circuit?

The balancing length for a cell is $560 \; cm$ in a potentiometer experiment. When an external resistance of $10 \; \Omega$ is connected in parallel to the cell,the balancing length changes by $60 \; cm$. If the internal resistance of the cell is $\frac{N}{10} \; \Omega$,where $N$ is an integer,then the value of $N$ is: