Explain with examples: macronutrients,micronutrients,beneficial nutrients,toxic elements and essential elements.

(N/A) Macronutrients: These are nutrients required by plants in large amounts. They are present in plant tissues in concentrations greater than $10 \, mmol \, kg^{-1}$ of dry matter. Examples include $C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Ca,$ and $Mg$.
Micronutrients: Also known as trace elements,these are present in plant tissues in very small amounts,i.e.,concentrations less than $10 \, mmol \, kg^{-1}$ of dry matter. Examples include $Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn, B, Cl,$ and $Ni$.
Beneficial nutrients: These are elements that are not strictly essential but are beneficial for the growth of higher plants. Examples include $Na, Si, Co,$ and $Se$.
Toxic elements: Any mineral ion concentration in tissues that reduces the dry weight of tissues by about $10\%$ is considered toxic. For example,excess $Mn$ competes with $Fe$ and $Mg$ for uptake and inhibits $Ca$ translocation to shoot apices,causing deficiency symptoms of $Fe, Mg,$ and $Ca$.
Essential elements: These are elements that are absolutely necessary for plant growth,metabolism,and reproduction. Their requirement is specific and non-replaceable. They are further classified into macronutrients and micronutrients.