Explain the origin and sources of group $14$ elements.

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(N/A) The members of group $14$ are carbon $(C)$,silicon $(Si)$,germanium $(Ge)$,tin $(Sn)$,lead $(Pb)$,and flerovium $(Fl)$.
$C$: Carbon is the $17^{th}$ most abundant element by mass in the earth's crust. It exists in nature in both free and combined states.
In its elemental form,it is found as coal,graphite,and diamond. In its combined state,it exists as metal carbonates,hydrocarbons,and carbon dioxide gas $(0.03 \%)$ in the atmosphere.
Carbon is a highly versatile element,forming compounds with dihydrogen,dioxygen,chlorine,and sulphur,which are essential for living tissues,drugs,and plastics.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds. Naturally occurring carbon has two stable isotopes,${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{13}C$,and one radioactive isotope,${}^{14}C$,which has a half-life of $5770 \ years$ and is used for radiocarbon dating.
$Si$: Silicon is the second most abundant element ($27.7 \%$ by mass) in the earth's crust,found primarily as silica and silicates. It is a vital component of ceramics,glass,and cement.
$Ge$: Germanium exists only in trace amounts.
$Sn$: Tin $(Sn)$ occurs mainly as the ore cassiterite $(SnO_{2})$.
$Pb$: Lead $(Pb)$ is primarily found as the ore galena $(PbS)$.
$Fl$: Flerovium is a synthetic,radioactive element.

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Assertion : $Pb^{4+}$ compounds are stronger oxidizing agents than $Sn^{4+}$ compounds.
Reason : The higher oxidation states for the group $14$ elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.

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