Explain the $IUPAC$ nomenclature method in short.

(N/A) The $IUPAC$ nomenclature of organic compounds involves the following key steps:
$(i)$ Identification of the longest parent carbon chain.
$(ii)$ Identification of functional groups and substituents (branches) attached to the chain.
$(iii)$ Numbering the chain such that the principal functional group gets the lowest possible locant.
$(iv)$ Naming the compound by combining prefixes (substituents/branches),the parent alkane name,and the suffix (principal functional group).
For example,in the structure $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH(Br)-CH(OH)-CH_3$,the parent chain is hexane,the principal functional group is $-OH$ (suffix $-ol$),and the substituents are $-Br$ (prefix bromo) and $-CH_3$ (prefix methyl). The correct name is $4$-bromo-$3$-methylhexan-$2$-ol.