Explain the $IUPAC$ nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones.
(A) $IUPAC$ nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones:
$1$. $IUPAC$ nomenclature of Aldehydes:
- The $IUPAC$ names of open-chain aliphatic aldehydes are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the terminal $'e'$ with the suffix $'al'$.
- In substituted aldehydes,the carbon chain containing the aldehyde group is selected as the parent chain. The numbering starts from the aldehyde carbon,which is always assigned position $1$.
- Example: $CH_3CH_2CHO$ is Propanal.
$2$. $IUPAC$ nomenclature of Ketones:
- The $IUPAC$ names of open-chain aliphatic ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the terminal $'e'$ with the suffix $'one'$.
- The chain is numbered in such a way that the carbonyl carbon gets the lowest possible number.
- Example: $CH_3COCH_2CH_3$ is Butan$-2-$one.
$1$. $IUPAC$ nomenclature of Aldehydes:
- The $IUPAC$ names of open-chain aliphatic aldehydes are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the terminal $'e'$ with the suffix $'al'$.
- In substituted aldehydes,the carbon chain containing the aldehyde group is selected as the parent chain. The numbering starts from the aldehyde carbon,which is always assigned position $1$.
- Example: $CH_3CH_2CHO$ is Propanal.
$2$. $IUPAC$ nomenclature of Ketones:
- The $IUPAC$ names of open-chain aliphatic ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the terminal $'e'$ with the suffix $'one'$.
- The chain is numbered in such a way that the carbonyl carbon gets the lowest possible number.
- Example: $CH_3COCH_2CH_3$ is Butan$-2-$one.
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