(A) Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction but occurs without fertilization. In many apomictic species,the embryo sac develops from a diploid megaspore mother cell $(MMC)$ that undergoes mitosis instead of meiosis.
$1$. In some species,the $MMC$ does not undergo meiosis,resulting in a diploid embryo sac. Consequently,the egg cell within this sac is also diploid.
$2$. This diploid egg cell develops directly into an embryo without the need for fertilization (parthenogenesis).
$3$. In other cases,such as in $Citrus$,cells of the nucellus surrounding the embryo sac start dividing and protrude into the embryo sac to develop into embryos (adventive embryony).
Because the process bypasses meiosis,the resulting embryo sac and the embryo remain genetically identical to the parent plant,maintaining a diploid state despite appearing morphologically normal.