Due to the presence of an unpaired electron,free radicals become .......

Consider the following carbocations. What is the relative stability order of these carbocations?
$(1)$ $CH_3O-C_6H_4-CH_2^+$
$(2)$ $C_6H_5-CH_2^+$
$(3)$ $CH_3-C_6H_4-CH_2^+$

Homolytic fission of $C-C$ bond in ethane gives an intermediate in which carbon is

Using curved-arrow notation,show the formation of reactive intermediates when the following covalent bonds undergo heterolytic cleavage:
$(a)$ $CH_{3}-SCH_{3}$
$(b)$ $CH_{3}-CN$
$(c)$ $CH_{3}-Cu$

$(C_6H_5COO)_2$ $\xrightarrow{hv} 2[X] + 2CO_2$ $\xrightarrow{} 2C_6H_5^\bullet + 2CO_2$
Consider the above reaction and identify the intermediate '$X$'.

When do positive and negative charges appear on a carbon atom? Give examples.