| Roasting | Calcination |
| $1.$ In this,the ore is heated in the presence of excess air. | $1.$ In this,the ore is heated in the absence or limited supply of air. |
| $2.$ It is primarily done for sulphide ores. | $2.$ It is primarily done for carbonate ores. |
| $3.$ $SO_2$ gas is evolved. | $3.$ $CO_2$ gas is evolved. |
| $4.$ Example: $2ZnS + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 2ZnO + 2SO_2$ | $4.$ Example: $ZnCO_3 \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} ZnO + CO_2$ |
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