Definitions/Explanation : Probe & $VNTR$
$(1)$ A labelled single stranded $DNA$ or $RNA$ segment that can hybridize with a $DNA$ or $RNA$ of interest in a screening procedure.
$(2)$The human genome contains numerous short $DNA$ sequences that are present as tandem repeats of varied lengths at several chromosomal locations. These variable number tandem repeats [$VNTRs$]are important components of $DNA$ fingerprints.
Arrange the various steps of $DNA$ fingerprinting technique in the correct order
$(I)$ Separation of $DNA$ fragment by electrophoresis.
$(II)$ Digestion of $DNA$ by restriction endonucleases.
$(III)$ Hybridization using labeled $VNTR$ probe
$(IV)$ Isolation of $DNA$.
$(V)$ Detection of hybridized $DNA$ fragments by autoradiography.
$(VI)$ Transferring of separated $DNA$ fragment to synthetic membranes.
What is $DNA$ fingerprinting? Mention its application.
Write a explanatory note on $DNA$ Fingerprinting
$A$ : Unknown $DNA$ after hybridization with $VNTR$ probe, the autoradiogram gives many bands of differing sizes in $DNA$ profiling.
$R$ : These bands represents $DNA$ fingerprint of organism
$DNA$ fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in $DNA$ sequence, called as: