Consider the following reaction: $C_6H_5NO_2$ $\xrightarrow{Sn/HCl} X$ $\xrightarrow{C_6H_5COCl} Y + HCl$. What is $Y$?

$A$ bag $X$ contains $2$ white and $3$ black balls and another bag $Y$ contains $4$ white and $2$ black balls. One bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. Then,the probability for the ball chosen to be white is:

In the following structure,the double bonds are marked as $I, II, III$ and $IV$. Geometrical isomerism is not possible at site$(s)$:

Two identical vessels $A$ and $B$ with frictionless pistons contain the same ideal gas at the same temperature and the same volume $V$. The masses of gas in $A$ and $B$ are $m_A$ and $m_B$,respectively. The gases are allowed to expand isothermally to the same final volume $2V$. The changes in pressures of the gas in $A$ and $B$ are found to be $\Delta P$ and $1.5 \Delta P$,respectively. Then:

If $A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$,then $A^3 - A^2$ is equal to

What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite of mass $m$ from the surface of a planet of mass $M$ and radius $R$ into a circular orbit at an altitude of $2R$?