| Particle | Nature of Charge | Mass | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electron | Negatively charged | $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}$ | Extra-nuclear region (orbits/shells) |
| Proton | Positively charged | $1.672 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$ (approx. $1 \text{ amu}$) | Nucleus |
| Neutron | Neutral (no charge) | $1.675 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$ (approx. $1 \text{ amu}$) | Nucleus |
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