Choose odd one out w.r.t. functional aspects of ecosystem.
Energy flow
Decomposition
Species composition
Nutrient cycling
How much portion of the Photosynthetically Active Radiation $(PAR)$ is captured by the plants?
In hydrarch succession, reed swamp stage is preceded by
The phosphates remain outside the natural cycle for a long time
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called