Chiasmata are formed due to

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(A) Chiasmata are $X$-shaped structures that form between homologous chromosomes during the diplotene stage of prophase-$I$ of meiosis. They represent

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Crossing over of same part between homologous chromosomes

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(A) Chiasmata are $X$-shaped structures that form between homologous chromosomes during the diplotene stage of prophase-$I$ of meiosis. They represent the sites where crossing over has occurred,which involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. As the synaptonemal complex dissolves,the homologous chromosomes begin to separate but remain attached at these crossover points,known as chiasmata.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Pachytene	$(i)$ Pairing of homologous chromosomes
$(B)$ Metaphase-$I$	$(ii)$ Terminalisation of chiasmata
$(C)$ Diakinesis	$(iii)$ Crossing-over takes place
$(D)$ Zygotene	$(iv)$ Chromosomes align at equatorial plate

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