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(B) The chemical theory of the origin of life,also known as the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis,suggests that life originated from non-living organic molecu

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Oparin and Haldane

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(B) The chemical theory of the origin of life,also known as the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis,suggests that life originated from non-living organic molecules through a series of chemical reactions in the primitive atmosphere.$A. I. Oparin$ (a Russian scientist) and $J. B. S. Haldane$ (a British scientist) independently proposed this theory in the $1920s$.They suggested that the early Earth's atmosphere was reducing and that simple organic compounds were synthesized from inorganic precursors under the influence of energy sources like lightning and ultraviolet radiation.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(X)$ Earth	$(1)$ $20$ billion years
$(Y)$ Universe	$(2)$ $4.5$ billion years
$(Z)$ Non-cellular life	$(3)$ $3.0$ billion years

The chemical theory of the origin of life was proposed by:

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The Russian scientist who proposed the theory of the origin of life was

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What does '$b$' represent in the given diagram?

Match the following columns:
Column-$I$ Column-$II$
$(X)$ Earth $(1)$ $20$ billion years
$(Y)$ Universe $(2)$ $4.5$ billion years
$(Z)$ Non-cellular life $(3)$ $3.0$ billion years

Louis Pasteur,by careful experimentation,demonstrated that:

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