By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is $C_{3}$ or $C_{4}$? Explain.

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(N/A) The leaves of $C_{4}$ plants exhibit a specialized internal structure known as $Kranz$ anatomy,which distinguishes them from $C_{3}$ plants.
In $Kranz$ anatomy,the vascular bundles are surrounded by a ring of large,specialized cells called bundle-sheath cells.
These bundle-sheath cells contain a high density of chloroplasts,possess thick walls,and lack intercellular spaces.
Furthermore,these cells are impervious to gaseous exchange,which helps in maintaining a high concentration of $CO_{2}$ around the enzyme $RuBisCO$.
This unique anatomical arrangement minimizes photorespiration and enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of $C_{4}$ plants compared to $C_{3}$ plants.

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Similar Questions

$A$: In $C_4$ plants,chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells are granal.
$R$: $PS$ $II$ is mostly found in the appressed part of the granum.

In which plants do the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: The primary $CO_{2}$ acceptor in $C_{4}$ plants is phosphoenolpyruvate $(PEP)$ and is found in the mesophyll cells.
Statement $II$: Mesophyll cells of $C_{4}$ plants lack $RuBisCo$ enzyme.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Phosphoenolpyruvate $(PEP)$ is the primary $CO_2$ acceptor in .......

Describe the $C_4$ pathway.

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