The atomic number of a nucleus is $Z$ and the atomic mass number is $M$. The number of neutrons is

$F_{pp}$,$F_{nn}$,and $F_{np}$ are the nuclear forces between proton-proton,neutron-neutron,and neutron-proton respectively. Then the relation between them is:

What is the approximate percentage of the total mass of an atom that is concentrated in its nucleus (in $\%$)?

The volume occupied by an atom is greater than the volume of the nucleus by a factor of about

$A$ heavy nucleus at rest breaks into two fragments which fly off with velocities in the ratio $3: 1$. The ratio of radii of the fragments is

If $S$ is the surface area of a nucleus of mass number $A$,then