At a certain place,the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is $B_0$ and the angle of dip is $45^o$. The total intensity of the Earth's magnetic field at that place will be:

Answer the following questions regarding earth's magnetism:
$(a)$ $A$ vector needs three quantities for its specification. Name the three independent quantities conventionally used to specify the earth's magnetic field.
$(b)$ The angle of dip at a location in southern India is about $18^o$. Would you expect a greater or smaller dip angle in Britain?
$(c)$ If you made a map of magnetic field lines at Melbourne in Australia,would the lines seem to go into the ground or come out of the ground?
$(d)$ In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane point to,if located right on the geomagnetic north or south pole?
$(e)$ The earth's field,it is claimed,roughly approximates the field due to a dipole of magnetic moment $8 \times 10^{22} \, J \, T^{-1}$ located at its centre. Check the order of magnitude of this number in some way.
$(f)$ Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic $N-S$ poles,there are several local poles on the earth's surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all?

If $B_V$ and $B_H$ are respectively the vertical and horizontal components of the earth's magnetic field at a place where the angle of dip is $60^{\circ}$, then the total magnetic field at that place is

The Earth's magnetic field was flipped by $180^{\circ}$ a million years ago. This flip was relatively rapid and took $10^5 \, \text{years}$. Then, the average change in orientation per year during the flip was closest to ............ $s$.

At a place,the earth's horizontal component of magnetic field is $0.36 \times 10^{-4} \ Wb/m^2$. If the angle of dip at that place is $60^o$,then the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field at that place in $Wb/m^2$ will be approximately:

The horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is $0.22 \ G$ and the total magnetic field is $0.4 \ G$. The angle of dip is: