Asexual reproduction is carried out by:

In a practical test, a student has to identify the organisms in which syngamy does not occur. In those organisms, the female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilization. This phenomenon is called "$X$". Identify the organisms and the phenomenon "$X$".

In $P$ type of plants,vegetative,reproductive,and senescent phases are clearly visible,whereas in $Q$ type of plants,it is difficult to clearly define these phases.
$\quad\quad\quad\quad P \quad\quad\quad\quad Q$
$(A)$ Annual $\quad$ Biennial,Perennial
$(B)$ Annual,Biennial $\quad$ Perennial
$(C)$ Perennial $\quad$ Annual,Biennial
$(D)$ Biennial,Perennial $\quad$ Annual

Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Clear-cut distinction between vegetative,reproductive,and senescent phases is shown by:

'Gemmule formation is a common mode of reproduction in Paramecium'