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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions is governed by steric and electronic factors. $1.$ Steric effect: As

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$I > II > III > IV$

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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions is governed by steric and electronic factors. $1.$ Steric effect: As the number and size of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon increase,the attack of the nucleophile becomes more difficult due to steric hindrance. $2.$ Electronic effect: Alkyl groups are electron-donating ($+I$ effect),which reduces the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon,making it less electrophilic. Comparing the compounds: $(I) HCHO$: No alkyl group. $(II) CH_3CHO$: One methyl group. $(III) CH_3COCH_3$: Two methyl groups. $(IV) CH_3CH_2COCH_2CH_3$: Two ethyl groups (larger than methyl). Therefore,the reactivity order is: $I > II > III > IV$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions:
$(I) HCHO$
$(II) CH_3CHO$
$(III) CH_3COCH_3$
$(IV) CH_3CH_2COCH_2CH_3$

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Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions: $(I) HCHO$ $(II) CH_3CHO$ $(III) CH_3COCH_3$ $(IV) CH_3CH_2COCH_2CH_3$