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(B) An intrinsic semiconductor (such as $Si$ or $Ge$) is converted into an $N$-type extrinsic semiconductor by doping it with a pentavalent impurity e

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Phosphorous

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(B) An intrinsic semiconductor (such as $Si$ or $Ge$) is converted into an $N$-type extrinsic semiconductor by doping it with a pentavalent impurity element (Group $15$ elements).Examples of pentavalent dopants include Phosphorus $(P)$,Arsenic $(As)$,and Antimony $(Sb)$.When a pentavalent atom is added to the crystal lattice,four of its valence electrons form covalent bonds with the neighboring semiconductor atoms,while the fifth electron remains loosely bound and becomes available for conduction.Since the dopant atom donates an extra electron,it is called a donor impurity,resulting in an $N$-type semiconductor.

An intrinsic semiconductor is converted into $N$-type extrinsic semiconductor by doping it with

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