An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as shown in the density-pressure graph. During the process $AB$, the work done $|W_{AB}| = 70\,J$. During the process $BC$, the gas absorbs $150\,J$ of heat. During the process $CA$, the gas undergoes expansion and does $210\,J$ of work. Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A
    The efficiency of the cyclic process is $33\%$.
  • B
    The efficiency of the cyclic process is $66\%$.
  • C
    The process $CA$ is adiabatic.
  • D
    The process $BC$ is isothermal.

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For an ideal gas,a cyclic process $ABCA$ as shown in the $P-T$ diagram,when presented in a $P-V$ plot,would be:

In the figure,a container is shown to have a movable (frictionless) piston on top. The container and the piston are made of perfectly insulating material,allowing no heat transfer between the outside and inside. The container is divided into two compartments by a rigid partition made of a thermally conducting material that allows slow heat transfer. The lower compartment is filled with $2$ moles of an ideal monatomic gas at $700 \ K$,and the upper compartment is filled with $2$ moles of an ideal diatomic gas at $400 \ K$. The heat capacities per mole are: for monatomic gas,$C_v = \frac{3}{2} R, C_p = \frac{5}{2} R$; for diatomic gas,$C_v = \frac{5}{2} R, C_p = \frac{7}{2} R$.
$1.$ Consider the partition to be rigidly fixed so that it does not move. When equilibrium is achieved,the final temperature of the gases will be:
$(A) 550 \ K$ $(B) 525 \ K$ $(C) 513 \ K$ $(D) 490 \ K$
$2.$ Now consider the partition to be free to move without friction so that the pressure of gases in both compartments is the same. Then the total work done by the gases until they achieve equilibrium will be:
$(A) 250 \ R$ $(B) 200 \ R$ $(C) 100 \ R$ $(D) -100 \ R$
Give the answer for questions $1$ and $2$.

$A$ cyclic process for $1 \, \text{mole}$ of an ideal gas is shown in the $V-T$ diagram. Find the work done in processes $AB$, $BC$, and $CA$ respectively.

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Two moles of monoatomic gas is expanded from $(P_0, V_0)$ to $(P_0, 2V_0)$ under isobaric condition. Let $\Delta Q_1$,$\Delta W_1$,and $\Delta U_1$ be the heat given to the gas,the work done by the gas,and the change in internal energy,respectively. Now,the monoatomic gas is replaced by a diatomic gas,with other conditions remaining the same. The corresponding values in this case are $\Delta Q_2$,$\Delta W_2$,and $\Delta U_2$. Then:

$A$ reversible cyclic process for an ideal gas is shown below. Here,$P, V$,and $T$ are pressure,volume,and temperature,respectively. The thermodynamic parameters $q, w, H$,and $U$ are heat,work,enthalpy,and internal energy,respectively.
The correct option$(s)$ is (are):
$(A)$ $q_{AC} = \Delta U_{BC}$ and $W_{AB} = P_2(V_2 - V_1)$
$(B)$ $W_{BC} = P_2(V_2 - V_1)$ and $q_{BC} = H_{AC}$
$(C)$ $\Delta H_{CA} < \Delta U_{CA}$ and $q_{AC} = \Delta U_{BC}$
$(D)$ $q_{BC} = \Delta H_{AC}$ and $\Delta H_{CA} > \Delta U_{CA}$

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