An electronic transition from $1s$ orbital of an atom causes

In the ground state,an element has $13$ electrons in the $M$ shell. The element is

Identify the correct statements:
a) In an atom,the maximum number of electrons with $n=4$ and $m_s=+\frac{1}{2}$ is $16$.
b) There are $4$ subshells associated with $n=5$.
c) $n=2, l=1, m_l=0$ and $m_s=-\frac{1}{2}$ is a possible set of quantum numbers.
d) The number of radial nodes for $3s$ orbital is $2$.

Write the electronic configuration of an atom with $Z = 16$. How many $p$ electrons are present in it,and how many fully filled and half-filled orbitals does it contain?

In a multi-electron atom,which of the following orbitals have the same energy in the absence of magnetic and electric fields? $(a) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, (b) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, (c) n = 2, l = 1, m = 1, (d) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, (e) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0$

How is an electron in an atom identified? State the parameters used.