An ecosystem resists change because it is in a state of

Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs. With your knowledge about food chain,establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of 'eating and being eaten'. What is this inter-linkage established known as?
Algae,hydrilla,grasshopper,rat,squirrel,crow,maize plant,deer,rabbit,lizard,wolf,snake,peacock,phytoplankton,crustaceans,whale,tiger,lion,sparrow,duck,crane,cockroach,spider,toad,fish,leopard,elephant,goat,nymphae,spirogyra.

Mention the types of nutrient cycling and explain them.

Biotic and abiotic components together form a .......

The establishment of new biotic communities on newly cooled lava indicates which of the following?

Plants capture only ................. percent of $PAR$ (Photosynthetically Active Radiation).