Among the following,which is most highly ioni | vedclass

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(A) The acidity of carboxylic acids increases with the presence of electron-withdrawing groups due to the $-I$ effect. The $-NO_2$ group is a strong e

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$CH_3-CH_2-CH(NO_2)-COOH$

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(A) The acidity of carboxylic acids increases with the presence of electron-withdrawing groups due to the $-I$ effect. The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group. Since the $-I$ effect decreases with distance,the acid where the $-NO_2$ group is closest to the $-COOH$ group (at the $\alpha$-position) will be the most acidic and thus most highly ionized in water. In $CH_3-CH_2-CH(NO_2)-COOH$,the $-NO_2$ group is at the $\alpha$-position relative to the $-COOH$ group. Therefore,$CH_3-CH_2-CH(NO_2)-COOH$ is the most highly ionized.

Among the following,which is most highly ionized in water?

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