Aluminium is produced on a large scale by electrolysis of alumina,dissolved in fused cryolite and a little fluorspar. These two electrolytes,cryolite and fluorspar are respectively

$A$ metal has a high concentration in the Earth's crust and its oxides cannot be reduced by carbon. The most suitable method for the extraction of such metal is:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R).$
Assertion $(A):$ Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of $Al_2O_3$ with cryolite.
Reason $(R):$ The oxidation state of $Al$ in cryolite is $+3$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

In the manufacture of steel,the Bessemer converter contains a lining of:

In the equation $4M + 8CN^{-} + 2H_2O + O_2 \to 4[M(CN)_2]^- + 4OH^{-}$,identify the metal $M$.

Which of the following metals is not obtained by electrolysis?