The absolute scale of temperature is reproduced in the laboratory by making use of a

$Assertion :$ In a pressure cooker,water is brought to a boil. The cooker is then removed from the stove. Now,upon removing the lid of the pressure cooker,the water starts boiling again.
$Reason :$ The impurities in water bring down its boiling point.

$A$ thermoelectric thermometer is based on:

Give the name of the instrument that measures temperature. Write the freezing and boiling points of water in $^oC$,$^oF$,and $K$.

It is difficult to cook rice in an open vessel by boiling it at high altitudes because of

Answer the following:
$(a)$ The triple-point of water is a standard fixed point in modern thermometry. Why? What is wrong with taking the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water as standard fixed points (as was originally done in the Celsius scale)?
$(b)$ There were two fixed points in the original Celsius scale as mentioned above,which were assigned the numbers $0^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ respectively. On the absolute scale,one of the fixed points is the triple-point of water,which on the Kelvin absolute scale is assigned the number $273.16\; K$. What is the other fixed point on this (Kelvin) scale?
$(c)$ The absolute temperature (Kelvin scale) $T$ is related to the temperature $t_c$ on the Celsius scale by $t_c = T - 273.15$. Why do we have $273.15$ in this relation,and not $273.16$?
$(d)$ What is the temperature of the triple-point of water on an absolute scale whose unit interval size is equal to that of the Fahrenheit scale?