A uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius $\mathrm{R}$ carries uniform surface charge density of $\sigma$ per unit area. It is made of two hemispherical shells, held together by pressing them with force $\mathrm{F}$ (see figure). $\mathrm{F}$ is proportional to
$\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \sigma^2 R^2$
$\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \sigma^2 R$
$\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \frac{\sigma^2}{\mathrm{R}}$
$\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \frac{\sigma^2}{\mathrm{R}^2}$
Why gravitational forces or spring forces are conservative forces ?
Distinguish difference between electric potential and electric potential energy
Consider a spherical shell of radius $R$ with a total charge $+ Q$ uniformly spread on its surface (centre of the shell lies at the origin $x=0$ ). Two point charges $+q$ and $-q$ are brought, one after the other from far away and placed at $x=-a / 2$ and $x=+a / 2( < R)$, respectively. Magnitude of the work done in this process is
The work which is required to be done to make an arrangement of four particles each having a charge $+q$ such that the particles lie at the four corners of a square of side $a$ is .......
The charge given to any conductor resides on its outer surface, because