$A$ small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of $80 \; cm$. What is the area (in $m^2$) of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out? Refractive index of water is $1.33$. (Consider the bulb to be a point source.)

Light is incident normally on face $AB$ of a prism as shown in the figure. $A$ liquid of refractive index $\mu$ is placed on face $AC$ of the prism. The prism is made of glass of refractive index $\frac{3}{2}$. The limit of $\mu$ for which total internal reflection takes place on face $AC$ is

White light is incident on the interface of glass and air as shown in the figure. If green light is just totally internally reflected,then the emerging ray in air contains:

$A$ spider and a fly are on opposite sides of the surface of a glass sphere. What is the maximum solid angle $\Omega$ within which the fly can be seen by the spider?
Given: The dimensions of the spider and the fly are very small with respect to the sphere. The refractive index of the glass is $\mu_g = \sqrt{2}$.

Let the refractive index of a denser medium with respect to a rarer medium be $n_{12}$ and its critical angle be $\theta_C$. At an angle of incidence $A$ when light is travelling from a denser medium to a rarer medium,a part of the light is reflected and the rest is refracted,and the angle between the reflected and refracted rays is $90^o$. Angle $A$ is given by

Assertion: Optical fibres are used for telecommunication.
Reason: Optical fibres are based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection.