$A$ polaroid is placed at $45^o$ to an incoming light of intensity $I_0$. Now the intensity of light passing through the polaroid after polarisation would be

Unpolarized light of intensity $I$ is scattered from point $A$. What is the intensity of light perceived by the given observer?

The wave property of electrons implies that they will show diffraction effects. Davisson and Germer demonstrated this by diffracting electrons from crystals. The law governing the diffraction from a crystal is obtained by requiring that electron waves reflected from the planes of atoms in a crystal interfere constructively. Which of the following phenomena establishes the transverse nature of light?

The relation $I = I_0 \cos^2 \theta$ is known as (where $I_0$ is the intensity of incident light on the analyser,$I$ is the intensity of emergent light from the analyser,and $\theta$ is the angle between the plane of polarization and the axis of the analyser):

Two polaroids are placed in the path of an unpolarised beam of intensity $I_0$ such that no light is emitted from the second polaroid. If a third polaroid,whose polarisation axis makes an angle $\theta$ with the polarisation axis of the first polaroid,is placed between these polaroids,then the intensity of light emerging from the last polaroid will be:

$A$ mixture of plane polarised and unpolarised light falls normally on a polarizing sheet. On rotating the polarizing sheet about the direction of the incident beam,the transmitted intensity varies by a factor of $4$. Find the ratio of the intensities $I_P$ and $I_0$,respectively of the polarized and unpolarized components in the incident beam.