(A) Let the required number be $x$.According to the problem,the number exceeds $20 \%$ of itself by $40$.This can be written as the equation: $x - 0.2

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(A) Let the required number be $x$.According to the problem,the number exceeds $20 \%$ of itself by $40$.This can be written as the equation: $x - 0.20x = 40$.Simplifying the equation: $0.80x = 40$.Solving for $x$: $x = \frac{40}{0.80} = \frac{4000}{80} = 50$.Therefore,the number is $50$.