$A$ chemical substance produced by a microorganism for inhibiting the growth of another is

Bordeaux mixture was first used in:

The water of the holy Ganga river is considered pure due to the presence of:

$S$ (Assertion): Alexander Fleming established the full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic.
$R$ (Reason): Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

What are the characteristics of microbial colonies?

Which of the following compounds are decomposed during putrefaction?