$A$ car travels north with a uniform velocity. It goes over a piece of mud which sticks to the tyre. The particles of the mud,as they leave the ground,are thrown:

Motion in two dimensions in a plane can be studied by expressing position,velocity,and acceleration as vectors in Cartesian coordinates $\vec{A} = A_{x} \hat{i} + A_{y} \hat{j}$,where $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$ are unit vectors along $x$ and $y$ directions,respectively,and $A_{x}$ and $A_{y}$ are corresponding components of $\vec{A}$. Motion can also be studied by expressing vectors in circular polar coordinates as $\vec{A} = A_{r} \hat{r} + A_{\theta} \hat{\theta}$,where $\hat{r} = \cos \theta \hat{i} + \sin \theta \hat{j}$ and $\hat{\theta} = -\sin \theta \hat{i} + \cos \theta \hat{j}$ are unit vectors along the directions in which $r$ and $\theta$ are increasing.
$(a)$ Express $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$ in terms of $\hat{r}$ and $\hat{\theta}$.
$(b)$ Show that both $\hat{r}$ and $\hat{\theta}$ are unit vectors and are perpendicular to each other.
$(c)$ Show that $\frac{d}{dt}(\hat{r}) = \omega \hat{\theta}$,where $\omega = \frac{d\theta}{dt}$ and $\frac{d}{dt}(\hat{\theta}) = -\omega \hat{r}$.
$(d)$ For a particle moving along a spiral given by $\vec{r} = a\theta \hat{r}$,where $a = 1$ (unit),find the dimensions of $a$.
$(e)$ Find velocity and acceleration in polar vector representation for a particle moving along the spiral described in $(d)$ above.

$A$ particle is projected from the ground with some initial velocity making an angle of $45^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If it reaches a height of $7.5 \ m$ above the ground,while it travels a horizontal distance of $10 \ m$ from the point of projection,then the initial speed of the particle is (assume,$g=10 \ m/s^2$): (in $m/s$)

The second's hand of a watch has a length of $6\,cm$. The speed of the end point and the magnitude of the difference of velocities at two perpendicular positions will be:

Two cars of masses $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ are moving in circles of radii $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ respectively. Their speeds are such that they make complete circles in the same time $t$. The ratio of their centripetal force is

$A$ particle of mass $m$ is projected with velocity $v$ making an angle of $45^\circ$ with the horizontal. When the particle lands on the level ground,the magnitude of the change in its momentum will be