$A$ barometer kept in a stationary elevator reads $76 \ cm$. If the elevator starts accelerating upwards,the reading will be:

$(a)$ Pressure decreases as one ascends the atmosphere. If the density of air is $\rho$,what is the change in pressure $dp$ over differential height $dh$?
$(b)$ Considering the pressure $P$ to be proportional to the density,find the pressure $P$ at a height $h$ if the pressure on the surface of the earth is $P_{0}$.
$(c)$ If $P_{0} = 1.03 \times 10^5 \text{ N/m}^2$,$\rho_0 = 1.29 \text{ kg/m}^3$,and $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$,at what height will the pressure drop to $\frac{1}{10}$ of the value at the surface of the earth?
$(d)$ This model of the atmosphere works for relatively small distances. Identify the underlying assumption that limits the model.

Consider the wall of a dam to be straight with height $H$ and length $L$. It holds a lake of water of height $h$ $(h < H)$ on one side. Let the density of water be $\rho_w$. Denote the torque about the axis along the bottom length of the wall by $\tau_1$. Denote also a similar torque due to the water up to height $h/2$ and wall length $L/2$ by $\tau_2$. Then $\tau_1 / \tau_2$ (ignore atmospheric pressure) is

Explain why you cannot make a decent cup of tea on a mountain.

The value of $g$ at a place decreases by $2\%$. The barometric height of mercury:

$A$ tank is filled with a liquid of density $\rho$ up to a height $H$. The average pressure on the walls of the container is: