When phenol is heated with $CCl_4$ and alkaline $KOH$,salicylic acid is obtained as the product. What is the name of this reaction?

What is the correct order of acidity for the following compounds?

The compound $X$ in the reaction is

The major product formed in the following reaction is:

Identify the product $(X)$ formed in the following reaction:
$C_{6}H_{5}OH + CH_{3}COOH \xrightarrow{H^{+}} X$

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: The acidic strength of monosubstituted nitrophenol is higher than phenol because of the electron-withdrawing nitro group.
Statement $II$: $o$-nitrophenol,$m$-nitrophenol,and $p$-nitrophenol will have the same acidic strength as they have one nitro group attached to the phenolic ring.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: