Phenol is slightly soluble in water. The reason for this is -

One mole of phenol is treated with dilute $HNO_3$ at $298 \ K$ to give a mixture of products. The mixture is separated by steam distillation. The steam volatile compound $(X)$ is separated. The increase in percentage of oxygen in $(X)$ with respect to phenol is . . . . . . $\times 10^{-1}$ %. (Given molar mass in $g \ mol^{-1}$: $H:1, C:12, N:14, O:16$)

Match the following reactions of phenol with their products:

The compound obtained by heating salicylic acid with phenol in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride $(POCl_3)$ is

How can picric acid and benzoic acid be distinguished?

The major product in the following reaction is: