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(C) The acidity of phenols depends on the stability of the phenoxide ion formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increa

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$III > I > II > IV$

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(C) The acidity of phenols depends on the stability of the phenoxide ion formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase acidity by stabilizing the phenoxide ion,while electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease acidity by destabilizing it.Let the compounds be:$I$: $p$-chlorophenol ($-Cl$ has $-I$ effect,which increases acidity)$II$: $p$-cresol ($-CH_3$ has $+I$ and $+H$ effects,which decrease acidity)$III$: $p$-nitrophenol ($-NO_2$ has strong $-I$ and $-M$ effects,which significantly increase acidity)$IV$: $p$-methoxyphenol ($-OCH_3$ has $-I$ effect but strong $+M$ effect,which decreases acidity more than $-CH_3$)Comparing the effects:$-NO_2$ (strong $EWG$) > $-Cl$ (weak $EWG$) > $-CH_3$ (weak $EDG$) > $-OCH_3$ (strong $EDG$).Therefore,the order of acidity is $III > I > II > IV$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their acidity.

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