When a light ray enters from medium $i$ to medium $j$,if $_i\mu_j$ represents the refractive index,what is the product of $_2\mu_1 \times _3\mu_2 \times _4\mu_3$?

Consider a light ray travelling in air incident into a medium of refractive index $\sqrt{2n}$. The incident angle is twice that of the refracting angle. Then,the angle of incidence will be

What are optically denser and optically rarer media?

Two light beams fall on a transparent material block at points $1$ and $2$ with angles $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ respectively,as shown in the figure. After refraction,the beams intersect at point $3$,which is exactly on the interface at the other end of the block. Given: the distance between $1$ and $2$ is $d = 4\sqrt{3} \text{ cm}$ and $\theta_1 = \theta_2 = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{n_2}{2n_1}\right)$,where $n_2$ is the refractive index of the block and $n_1$ is the refractive index of the outside medium $(n_2 > n_1)$. Find the thickness of the block in $\text{cm}$.

The $X-Y$ plane is taken as the boundary between two transparent media $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$. $M_{1}$ in $Z \geq 0$ has a refractive index of $\sqrt{2}$ and $M_{2}$ with $Z < 0$ has a refractive index of $\sqrt{3}$. $A$ ray of light travelling in $M_{1}$ along the direction given by the vector $\overrightarrow{A} = 4\sqrt{3}\hat{i} - 3\sqrt{3}\hat{j} - 5\hat{k}$ is incident on the plane of separation. The value of the difference between the angle of incidence in $M_{1}$ and the angle of refraction in $M_{2}$ will be $....$ degrees.

Explain rarer and denser medium.