Fast neutrons can be easily slowed down by:

Slowing down of neutrons: In a nuclear reactor,a neutron of high speed (typically $10^{7} \; m s^{-1}$) must be slowed to $10^{3} \; m s^{-1}$ so that it can have a high probability of interacting with isotope $^{235}_{92}U$ and causing it to fission. Show that a neutron can lose most of its kinetic energy in an elastic collision with a light nucleus like deuterium or carbon,which has a mass of only a few times the neutron mass. The material making up the light nuclei,usually heavy water $(D_{2}O)$ or graphite,is called a moderator.

Suppose a ${ }_{88}^{226} Ra$ nucleus at rest and in the ground state undergoes $\alpha$-decay to a ${ }_{86}^{222} Rn$ nucleus in its excited state. The kinetic energy of the emitted $\alpha$ particle is found to be $4.44 \text{ MeV}$. The ${ }_{86}^{222} Rn$ nucleus then goes to its ground state by $\gamma$-decay. The energy of the emitted $\gamma$-photon is . . . . . . . $\text{keV}$.
[Given: atomic mass of ${ }_{88}^{226} Ra = 226.005 \text{ u}$,atomic mass of ${ }_{86}^{222} Rn = 222.000 \text{ u}$,atomic mass of $\alpha$ particle $= 4.000 \text{ u}$,$1 \text{ u} = 931 \text{ MeV}/c^2$]

Mention the use of controlled nuclear fission. Mention the use of uncontrolled nuclear fission.

Calculate and compare the energy released by
$(a)$ fusion of $1.0 \; kg$ of hydrogen deep within the Sun and
$(b)$ the fission of $1.0 \; kg$ of $^{235} U$ in a fission reactor.

What is a nuclear reactor? Explain its principle,construction,and working.