The rate of disintegration of a radioactive sample can be increased by:

The $Q$-value of the decay ${ }_{11}^{22} Na \rightarrow{ }_{10}^{22} Ne + e ^{+}+v$ is

The energy spectrum of $\beta$-particles [number $N(E)$ as a function of $\beta$-energy $E$] emitted from a radioactive source is:

Assertion: ${}^{90}Sr$ from the radioactive fallout of a nuclear bomb ends up in the bones of human beings through the milk consumed by them. It causes impairment of the production of red blood cells.
Reason: The energetic $\beta$-particles emitted in the decay of ${}^{90}Sr$ damage the bone marrow.

What is gamma decay? Explain with a proper example.

Which of the following can penetrate through an aluminum sheet of $20 \, cm$ thickness?