What is the purification method based on the principle that the compound and the impurities have different solubilities in a given solvent?

Given below are two statements:
Statement-$I$: Retardation factor $(R_f)$ can be measured in $meter/centimeter$.
Statement-$II$: $R_f$ value of a compound remains constant in all solvents.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

State whether the following statements regarding steam distillation at reduced pressure are True or False:
$i$. It is used in the soap industry.
$ii$. Water pumps,vacuum pumps,or air pumps are used.
$iii$. Liquids with high boiling points do not decompose.
$iv$. The liquid is decomposed.
$v$. The liquid is boiled at a low temperature.

Using the given figure,the ratio of $R_f$ values of sample $A$ and sample $C$ is $x \times 10^{-2}$. The value of $x$ is . . . . . . . .
Table: Paper chromatography of Samples
| Component | Distance from base line (cm) |
| :--- | :--- |
| Sample $A$ | $5.0$ |
| Sample $B$ | $6.5$ |
| Sample $C$ | $10.0$ |
| Solvent front | $12.5$ |

On a thin layer chromatographic plate,an organic compound moved by $3.5 \ cm$,while the solvent moved by $5 \ cm$. The retardation factor of the organic compound is . . . . . . $\times 10^{-1}$.

The organic compound which can be purified by steam distillation is