Assertion $A$: Lichens are symbiotic associations between algal and fungal components. Reason $R$: The mycobiont components of fungi are heterotrophic. Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

  • A
    $A$ and $R$ are both true and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$.
  • B
    $A$ and $R$ are both true but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $A$.
  • C
    $A$ is true and $R$ is false.
  • D
    $A$ and $R$ are both false.

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$A.$ The capsid of a virus is made up of many small units called capsomeres.
$R.$ Viruses exhibit active and living behavior in a virus-free state.

Which of the following is not included in any of the five kingdoms proposed by $R.H. \text{Whittaker}$?

$S :$ The symbiotic association between algal and fungal components is called lichen.
$R :$ The study of lichens is called lichenology.

Select the correct pair from the following:

What characteristic does a virus exhibit when it is inside a host cell?

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